Bangladesh National Anthem

আমার সোনার বাংলা

রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর

আমার সোনার বাংলা

আমার সোনার বাংলা,

আমি তোমায় ভালবাসি|

চিরদিন তোমার আকাশ,

তোমার বাতাস

আমার প্রাণে বাজায় বাঁশি।

ও মা,

ফাগুনে তোর আমের বনে

ঘ্রাণে পাগল করে--

মরি হায়, হায় রে

ও মা,

অঘ্রানে তোর ভরা খেতে,

আমি কী দেখেছি মধুর হাসি।।

কী শোভা, কী ছায়া গো,

কী স্নেহ, কী মায়া গো,--

কী আঁচল বিছায়েছ

বটের মূলে,

নদীর কূলে কূলে।

মা, তোর মুখের বাণী

আমার কানে লাগে

সুধার মতো-

মা তোর বদন খানি মলিন হলে

আমি নয়ন

ও মায় আমি নয়ন জলে ভাসি

সোনার বাংলা,

আমি তোমায় ভালবাসি|

Amar sonar Bangla

Rabindranath Thakur

Amar sonar Bangla
Ami tomay bhalobashi

Chirodin tomar akash,
Tomar batash,
Amar prane bajae bãshi.

O ma,
Phagune tor amer bone
Ghrane pagol kôre,
Mori hae, hae re,
O ma,
Ôghrane tor bhôra khete
Ami ki dekhechhi modhur hashi.

Ki shobha, ki chhaya go,
Ki sneho, ki maea go,
Ki ãchol bichhaeechho
Bôţer mule,
Nodir kule kule.

Ma, tor mukher bani
Amar kane lage
Sudhar moto-

Ma tor bodonkhani molin hole
ami noyon
o may ami noyon jole bhashi
sonar bangla,
ami tomay bhalobashi.


English:
My beloved Bengal
My Bengal of Gold,
I love you.

Forever your skies,
Your air set my heart in tune
As if it were a flute.

In spring, O mother mine,
The fragrance from your mango groves
Makes me wild with joy,
Ah, what a thrill!
In autumn, O mother mine,
In the full blossomed paddy fields
I have seen spread all over sweet smiles.

Ah, what beauty, what shades,
What an affection, and what tenderness!
What a quilt have you spread
At the feet of banyan trees
And along the banks of rivers!

Are like nectar to my ears.
Ah, what a thrill!
If sadness, O mother mine,
Casts a gloom on your face,
My eyes are filled with tears!

Bengal of Gold,
I love you.

Kazi Nazrul Islam

Born                : 24 May 1899, Churulia, Burdwan District, West Bangla, India

Occupation  : Poet, Novelist, Song composer, Playwright, political activist

Language      : Bangla, Hindi, Persian, Arabic

Nationality    : Indian (24.05.1899–29.08.1976), Bangladeshi (1976)

Notable works : Notuner Gaan, Bidrohi, Pralayollas, Dhumketu, Agniveena, Bandhan Hara, Nazrul Geeti

Awards            : Independence Day Award (1977) Ekushey Padak (1976) Padma Bhushan (1960)

Parents             : Kazi Faqeer Ahmed and Zahida Khatun

Spouse             : Pramila Devi (1924–1962)

Children           : 3 Sons

Died                 : 29 August 1976 (aged 77), Dhaka, Bangladesh

He is buried on the grounds of the Central Mosque of Dhaka University.

Rabindranath Thakur

Rabindranath Thakur

Born  : 7 May 1861,  Calcutta, India

Occupation  : Poet, Novelist, Song composer, Playwright, Painter

Language : Bangla (Bengali), English

Nationality : Indian Bangali

Notable works : Gitanjali, Gora, Ghare-Baire, Rabindra Sangeet, Jana Gana Mana (national anthem of India), Amar Shonar Bangla (national anthem of Bangladesh)

Awards         : Nobel Prize in Literature 1913

Parents         : Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875)

Spouse          : Mrinalini Devi (m. 1883–1902)

Children        : 5 Childreds (two of whom died in childhood)

Died   : 7 August 1941 (aged 80), Calcutta, India

Rice, The Staple Food of Bangladesh

Rice is a staple food of Bangladesh. About 160 million peoples in Bangladesh depend on rice as main food and about 75 percent of agricultural land use to grow rice. Most of the people depend on rice as main food all the year especially in Asia. It is the second highest production in the world after maize. Bangladesh is the sixth largest rice producer country. First the seeds milled from the rice plant to remove the chaff and then cooked or boiled it to eat.  

There are many different kinds of rice in different region depends on different season. Mainly Aman, Aus, Boro are the largest harvest season in Bangladesh. The Aman is the largest harvest season occurring in November to December and about half of annual production in Bangladesh. The second largest harvest is Aus cultivate in March to May during summer rainfall and Boro season is from October to March.

The Production capacity in Bangladesh increase much faster. Total rice production was 10.59 million tons in 1971 and now is producing about 25 million tons.

Name of Some Bangladeshi Rice:

Chinigura, Kalijira, Balam, Bashmoti, Binni Dhan, Bina, Digha, Miniket, Hamim, Balam, Pakh Beruin, Khara Beruin, Raujan, Kathali Beruin, Akia Beruin, Modhu Beruin, Mou Beruin, Lathial, Lapha, Kalo Beruin, Shail Dhan etc.

Hardinge Bridge, Bangladesh

Hardinge Bridge is one of most important bridge in Bangladesh that made easier communication between proposed in 1889 by the Eastern Bengal Railway. southwest part, north Bengal and the capital Dhaka. The bridge was proposed in 1889 by the Eastern Bengal Railway.

Bridge Details:

Bridge Name               : Hardinge Bridge

Type                            : Railway Bridge

Location                      : Across the Padma River, from Paksey, Ishwardi
                                     to Bheramara, Kushtia

Naming                       : After Lord Hardinge (Viceroy of India, 1910-1916)

Long                            : 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles)

Material                       : Steel

Construction Start       : 1910

Time to complete        : Almost 2 years

Open                           : 1915

Bangla Calendar

Also: Bengali Calendar, Bongabdo (বঙ্গাব্দ), Bangla Shon (বাংলা সন) 

Bangla Calendar is a solar calender and used by Bangali Peoples of Bangladesh and eastern Indian States: West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. Pahela Boishakh is the starting day of bangla era.

The Bangla calendar is derived from the Hindu solar calendar during time of King Shoshangko (590 AC - 625 AC) who ruled Bangali territories Bangla (Bangladesh and West Bengal), Bihar, Orissa and Assam.

During Muslim rule in India agricultural and land taxes were collected according to the Islamic Hijri Calendar. As the Hijri Calendar, the agricultural year did not always coincide with the fiscal year. Therefore, farmers were hard-pressed to pay taxes out of season. In order to streamline tax collection, Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556 AC – 1605 AC) ordered to reform of the calendar. Amir Fatehullah Shirazi, one of councilors formulated a new calendar based on the lunar Hijri and Hindu Calender. In keeping with the harvesting season, the calendar known as the Harvest Calendar.

The Bengali calendar revised by Bangla Academy Bangladesh (East Pakisthan) in 1966. The year in the Bangla calendar is counted as 365 days. However, the actual time taken by the earth in its revolution around the sun is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 47 seconds. To make up this discrepancy, the Gregorian calendar adds an extra day to make a Leap Year to the month of February every fourth year (the years divisible by 400). According to the recommendation by the Bangla Academy, the new Bangla calendar also adds an extra day to the month of Falgun should be count 31 days (instead of 30 days) every four years. The revised calendar was officially adopted in Bangladesh in 1987.

Twelve months of the Banlga calendar:

1.             বৈশাখ Boishakh

2.             জ্যৈষ্ঠ Joishţho

3.             আষাঢ় (Ashaŗh)

4.             শ্রাবণ (Srabon)

5.             ভাদ্র (Bhadro)

6.             আশ্বিন (Ashshin)

7.              কার্তিক (Kartik)

8.             অগ্রহায়ণ (Ogrohaeon)

9.              পৌষ (Poush)

10.          মাঘ (Magh)

11.          ফাল্গুন (Falgun)

12.          চৈত্র (Choitro)

Six Seasons in Bangla calendar:

1.      Grishsho (গ্রীষ্ম) or Summer;

2.      Bôrsha (বর্ষা) or Rainy season/ Monsoon

3.      Shôrot (শরৎ) or Autumn

4.      Hemonto (হেমন্ত) or Dry season

5.      Šit (শীত) or Winter; and

6.      Bôshonto (বসন্ত) or Spring.

Seven days of the week:

1.             শুক্রবার (Shukrobar) - Friday

2.              শনিবার (Shonibar) - Saturday

3.              রবিবার (Robibar)  -Sunday

4.             সোমবার (Shombar) - Monday

5.              মঙ্গলবার (Monggolbar) - Tuesday

6.             বুধবার (Budhbar) - Wednesday

7.             বৃহস্পতিবার (Brihoshpotibar) - Thursday

Bangla Calendar at a glance:

মাস (Mash) Month	w`b / Days		কাল (Kal)/ঋতু (Ritu) Season
	Traditional Hindu sidereal solar calendar	Revised version as used in Bangladesh
বৈশাখ (Boishakh) April–May	30 / 31	31	গ্রীষ্ম (Grishsho) Summer
জ্যৈষ্ঠ (Joistho)  May–June	31 / 32	31
আষাঢ় (Asharh)  June–July	31 / 32	31	বর্ষা (Borsha) Rainy (Monsoon)
শ্রাবণ (Srabon)  July–August	31 / 32	31
ভাদ্র (Bhadro)  August–September	31 / 32	31	শরৎ (Shorot) Autumn
আশ্বিন (Ashshin)  September–October	31 / 30	30
কার্তিক (Kartik)  October–November	29 / 30	30	হেমন্ত (Hemonto) Dry
অগ্রহায়ণ (Ogrohaeon)  November–December	29 / 30	30
পৌষ (Poush)  December–January	29 / 30	30	শীত (Shit) Winter
মাঘ (Magh)  January–February	29 / 30	30
ফাল্গুন (Falgun)  February–March	29 / 30	30 (31 days in leap year)	বসন্ত (Boshonto) Spring
চৈত্র (Choitra)  March–April	30 / 31	30

Seasons in Bangladesh

There are six seasons in Bangladesh.

1.      Grismo (summer)

2.      Borsha (rainy season)

3.     Sharat (early autumn)

4.     Hemonto (late autumn)

5.      Sheet (winter) and

6.     Boshonto (spring)

Each season consists two month and appears its own beauty.

Summer is the first season in Bangladesh. Baishakh and jaistha are the two month of this season. It is very warm and dry season of the year. Field, canals, ponds, river becomes dry. The heat of this season makes peoples and animal thirsty. To take a bath is very comfortable in this time. The most popular fruits of Bangladesh mango, jack-fruits and litchi are found in this season.

Rainy season is the second season comes after summer. ashar and srabon are the two month of this season. Raining is the common scene in this season and it makes peoples a little relief from summer heat. The sky becomes cloudy often. The river, ponds, canals, fields becomes full of brim. Boats become an important communication in many village areas. Sometimes heavy raining causes floods.

The rainy season is followed by the autumn. Early atumn consists of bhadra and aswin and late autumn consists of kartik and agrahayan. It hardly raining and white cloud are floating in the sky in this sfason. And the heat comes back again in early autumn. In this season fishermen catch a plenty of fish. Late autumn is neither hot nor cool. It comes with dew drop on grass, leaves look like pearls in the morning and everybody feels that winter is coming.

Winter comes with fog , mist and cold . Poush and magh are the two month of winter. The weather becomes dry and very cold but the sunshine is pleasant for poor people. Fresh vegetables overload the market. Peoples prepare Pitha and payesh that makes like festivals in the village life.

Spring is the last seasons consisting falgoon and chaitra two month. The nature comes beauty, bright and charming. Trees and plants put on new leaves, flowers bloom and make the whole atmosphere delightful with their sweet fragrance. The birds are happy and singing melodious songs. Spring is called the king of seasons.

Revers in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is called the country of Rivers.

Three Main Rivers: 1.  Padma, 2.  Jamuna, 3.  Meghna

Some Major Rivers: Kurnaphuli, Surma, shitalakshya, Brahmaputra Bhairob, Dhaleshwari, Kapotakho, Titas, Ichhamati, Madhumati, Teesta, Kushiyara, Mohananda, Garai, Buriganga.

More Rivers: Atrai, Ariyalkha, Biskhali, Baral Balu, Chitra, Chiknai, Dharla, Dhansiri, Dakatia, Dhanu, Dhepa, Feni, Jaldhaka, Jinai, Kangsha, Kaliganga, Kirtonkhola, Kumar, Kazipur, Manu, Muhuri, Mathabhanga, Nagor, Naf, Tulshiganga, Turag etc